The Temple of the Sacred Tooth Relic, commonly known as the Dalada Maligawa, is one of the most significant cultural and religious landmarks in Sri Lanka. Located in the city of Kandy, this revered temple houses the sacred tooth relic of the Buddha, making it a central site of pilgrimage and worship for Buddhists worldwide.
Historical Significance
- Ancient Origins: The relic was brought to Sri Lanka from India in the 4th century AD by Princess Hemamala and Prince Dantha. It has since been an important symbol of sovereignty and has played a crucial role in Sri Lanka’s history.
- Royal Patronage: Throughout centuries, Sri Lankan kings have protected and venerated the relic, building elaborate temples to house it. The current temple in Kandy was built in the 17th century by King Vimaladharmasuriya I.
Architectural Marvel
- Design and Structure: The temple complex is an outstanding example of Kandyan architecture, featuring a blend of intricate carvings, golden roofs, and detailed frescoes. The two-storey building where the relic is kept is known as the “Veda Hitana Maligawa.”
- Golden Canopy: A notable feature is the golden canopy over the main shrine, which was added during a recent restoration to enhance the temple’s grandeur.
- Moonstone and Guardstones: The entrance of the temple is adorned with beautifully carved moonstones and guardstones, traditional elements in Sri Lankan architecture.
Religious Importance
- Sacred Tooth Relic: The relic itself is kept in a gold casket, which is nested within a series of six other caskets of diminishing size, each more ornate than the last. The casket is displayed to the public only during special ceremonies.
- Daily Rituals: Three daily puja ceremonies (Theva) are conducted at dawn, noon, and in the evening. These rituals involve the offering of food, flowers, and incense to the relic.
- Perahera Festival: The annual Esala Perahera is one of the most spectacular festivals in Sri Lanka, featuring a grand procession with elephants, dancers, drummers, and fire-breathers. It takes place in July or August and attracts thousands of devotees and tourists.
Cultural and Social Impact
- UNESCO World Heritage Site: The Temple of the Tooth was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1988, recognizing its cultural, religious, and historical significance.
- Symbol of Peace: The temple is a symbol of peace and unity, playing a vital role in Sri Lankan society. It also serves as a center for art and learning, with its museum and library preserving valuable artifacts and manuscripts.
Visiting the Temple
- Opening Hours: The temple is open to visitors daily from 5:30 AM to 8:00 PM. The best time to visit is during the Theva ceremonies to witness the rituals.
- Dress Code: Visitors are required to dress modestly, covering shoulders and knees. Footwear must be removed before entering the inner sanctum.
- Guided Tours: Guided tours are available, providing detailed information about the temple’s history, architecture, and rituals. Audio guides in multiple languages are also offered.
Nearby Attractions
- Kandy Lake: Adjacent to the temple, this man-made lake offers a serene setting for a leisurely stroll.
- Kandy Museum: Located within the temple complex, this museum houses artifacts and exhibits related to the history of Buddhism and the Kandyan Kingdom.
- Royal Botanical Gardens: A short drive from the temple, these gardens in Peradeniya feature a vast collection of tropical plants, orchids, and trees.
The Temple of the Sacred Tooth Relic stands as a testament to Sri Lanka’s rich cultural heritage and spiritual devotion. A visit to this sacred site offers a profound and enlightening experience, providing insight into the island’s history, religion, and traditions.