GALLE FORT

Galle Fort, located in the southwestern coast of Sri Lanka, is a historical, architectural, and cultural marvel. Built by the Portuguese in 1588 and later fortified by the Dutch in the 17th century, this UNESCO World Heritage Site is a testament to the colonial history of the island.

 

History

  • Portuguese Era (1588-1640): The fort was initially constructed by the Portuguese to defend their interests in the region. It served as a key port and military stronghold.
  • Dutch Era (1640-1796): The Dutch captured Galle Fort in 1640 and expanded its fortifications. They built robust walls, bastions, and intricate sewer systems that are still functional today.
  • British Era (1796-1948): The British took over the fort in 1796, maintaining its strategic importance while adding their own architectural influences.

Architecture

Galle Fort is a blend of European architectural styles and South Asian traditions. Key architectural features include:

  • Bastions and Ramparts: Massive stone walls and bastions like the Sun Bastion, Moon Bastion, and Star Bastion.
  • Dutch Reformed Church: Built in 1755, this church features a baroque façade and historic gravestones.
  • All Saints’ Church: An Anglican church with a gothic architectural style, constructed in 1871.
  • Old Dutch Hospital: Now a shopping and dining precinct, this building dates back to the 18th century.
  • Governor’s House: An impressive building that housed the Dutch and British governors.

Attractions

  • Galle Lighthouse: Situated at the southern end of the fort, the lighthouse offers stunning views of the Indian Ocean.
  • Maritime Archaeology Museum: Showcases artifacts recovered from shipwrecks around Galle, reflecting the region’s maritime history.
  • National Museum of Galle: Located in a 1656 Dutch building, this museum exhibits local history, art, and culture.
  • Flag Rock Bastion: A popular spot for watching the sunset and locals diving into the sea from the rocks.

Cultural Significance

Galle Fort is not just a historical site but a living community. It hosts a mix of Sinhalese, Moor, and Dutch Burgher communities, contributing to its unique cultural tapestry. Festivals, art galleries, and boutique shops thrive within the fort, reflecting its vibrant contemporary culture.

Activities

  • Walking Tours: Guided tours are available to explore the fort’s rich history and architecture.
  • Shopping: The fort is dotted with boutiques offering antiques, jewelry, and local crafts.
  • Dining: From seafood restaurants to cozy cafes, there’s a variety of dining options.
  • Photography: The picturesque streets and colonial buildings offer great opportunities for photography.

Practical Information

  • Location: Galle Fort is located in the heart of Galle city, approximately 120 km south of Colombo.
  • Accessibility: Easily accessible by road, rail, and public transport from Colombo and other major cities.
  • Opening Hours: The fort is open 24/7, but specific attractions like museums have their own operating hours.
  • Entry Fee: There is no entry fee to enter the fort, but some museums and attractions within the fort may charge admission fees.
  • Best Time to Visit: The best time to visit is during the dry season, from December to March, when the weather is most pleasant.

Tips for Visitors

  • Wear Comfortable Footwear: The cobblestone streets can be uneven.
  • Stay Hydrated: The fort can get quite hot, especially around midday.
  • Respect the Local Community: Remember that Galle Fort is a living community with residents going about their daily lives.
  • Explore Beyond the Main Sites: Take time to wander off the main streets and discover hidden gems and quiet corners.

Galle Fort is a destination that offers a rich blend of history, culture, and scenic beauty, making it a must-visit for anyone traveling to Sri Lanka.